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In some limiting cases the time constants provide reliable information about the rate of change of the participating variables.
The question arises of how nonlinearities affect the voltage response and, in particular, how the resonant and phase-resonant frequencies depend on the type of these nonlinearities and the time-scale separation between the participating variables.
The rescaling we use here focuses on the geometric properties of the system and the time-scale separation between the participating variables, and is amenable to analysis using dynamical systems tools (phase-plane analysis).
The participating variables, also called nodes as in graph theory or Petri nets, can represent protein concentrations, gene expression levels, tumor size, temperature or any other variable of interest, including discrete variables.
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where the tilde atop participating variables implies the effect of possible attacks.
Men with missing data on any of the willingness to participate variables are excluded from these analyses (N = 134).
A questionnaire, drafted specifically for this study, and administered by the participating nurse, gathers the variables mentioned.
Table 2 provides descriptive statistics for participant- and treatment-related variables for the participating families.
More detailed information on the background variables of the participating raters was published previously [ 9].
Besides the different definitions of the disease, factors such as the source of the mice, colony size, breeding protocol (age together, brother/sister breeding), diet and SPF status/pathogenic control seemed to be the most important variables between the participating centers.
The categories of risk indicators are described in Table 2. * Crude Odds Ratios controlled for age, height, pre-pregnancy BMI and physical activity, including a variable for the participating departments (9 levels).
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