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Environmental determinants previously shown to be important were identified by conducting two systematic reviews, one with physical activity as the outcome behavior [ 7] and the other with specific obesity related dietary behaviors as outcome [ 8].
To increase the chance that participants read the tailored information [ 3], it is important to limit the number of tailoring variables to those that predict the greatest amount of change in the outcome behavior [ 49].
Region, season, baseline socio-demographic and lifestyle variables, baseline cognitive behavioral determinants, and baseline behaviors measured with multiple items were included as between-subject covariates (except for baseline behavior of the outcome itself, which was included as a repeated measure) because these variables were related to the outcome behavior or cardiovascular disease.
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Focus group interviews with the target population revealed that attitudes and self-efficacy expectations were important variables related to the outcome behaviors.
In addition, more than 50% of the sample was "in preparation" or in "higher stages" of change for the outcome behaviors, which may have explained why TMI did not outperform TPC in participants without hypertension.
To examine this idea that neurofeedback learning would be improved if activity from specific brain regions related to the desired outcome behavior was monitored, Congedo and colleagues (2004) pioneered neurofeedback using LORETA with a protocol designed to improve sustained attention.
For the multivariate regression model, only those variables that were significantly associated (p < 0.05) with the outcome risk behavior in bivariate analyses were considered.
This leads to the following hypothesis: participants who received the self-regulation intervention module would gain more in terms of the volitional outcomes (behavior and planning), whereas those receiving the motivational intervention module would show increases in the motivational outcome (intention), no matter at which point in time (Hypothesis 2).
In addition, baseline measures included demographics, stage of change for smoking cessation [ 43, 44], motivation for changing each of the three outcome behaviors (depression, smoking, and physical activity) and self-efficacy for changing each outcome behavior.
Realistic changes to policy assumptions did not change the shape of outcome behaviors over time.
The logistic regression model for the outcome suicide behaviors (attempt or completed suicide) over the follow-up period identified a number of significant risk factors for suicide behaviors (Table 2): a lifetime history of suicide, suicide attempts in the last 6 months, prolactin-related adverse events, male gender, history of hospitalization for schizophrenia, CGI depression score.
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