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Prospects and limitations of the use of molecular genetic methods to conclude on the origin of forest plants, wood, and wood products are discussed.
Molecular genetic markers have been proposed as suitable tools to control the origin of forest reproductive material in Germany (example 1).
Recognizing the importance of the origin of forest reproductive material for plantation success, most countries regulate its marketing by legal rules (Nason 2001).
Main factors impeding a speedy and reliable identification of the origin of forest reproductive material are the long lifetime of trees, high genetic diversity within most populations, and the lack of well-defined varieties which can be easily identified.
Two systems have been implemented in Germany to enhance the traceability of forest reproductive material: The Certification Scheme for Tracing the Origin of Forest Reproductive Material in South Germany (ZüF; http://www.zuef-forstpflanzen.de/) and the Association for Forest Reproductive Material (FfV e.V. (ISOGEN) method; http://www.isogen.de/).
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Two main fields of application are discussed in more detail: The use of molecular genetic tools (a) to test the proclaimed origin of forest reproductive material and (b) to infer the origin of timber and wood products.
Meanwhile IKEA conducts wider supply chain audits so the company can trace the origin of wood all the way back to the actual forest.
As in previous studies we found that the origin of the forest floor material had a strong effect on the microbial community.
Two important fields of "forensic" applications are described: Molecular tools are applied to test the declared origin of forest reproductive material used for plantation establishment and of internationally traded timber and wood products.
In Ms. Jeansonne's "Up-State," a sliver of forest scenery suggests the origin of the wood that went into the painted furniture and child's block that make up her whimsical wall relief.
Most recently, researchers have hit upon another potential key factor in the origin and rapid growth of the savannahs - one that also led to the origin of the underground forests.
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