Following the operationalization used in several reviews and studies, we separated social capital into a cognitive and a structural component [ 4, 9, 16, 26, 27], which were subsequently divided into specific aspects in line with widely used definitions of individual social capital [ 11, 27] (see Figure 1).
Yet, a previous review had underlined important methodological flaws in the operationalization of religion in surveys, with questions often being too vague to assess the impact of religion on nurses' attitudes toward euthanasia [ 11].
In this review, we have identified three flaws in the operationalization which we discuss in turn: (i) understandings of CM remain underdeveloped, and often tokenistic; (ii) implementations of CMI are often characterised by inflexibility; and (iii) the evaluation of CMI tends to inadequately account for social impact.
Absence of this information has implications in the interpretation of findings and the operationalization of results in the HIV prevention context as acts of violence perpetrated by intimate partners may require intervention that differs from acts of violence perpetrated by others.
The aim of this systematic literature review was to evaluate according to six criteria the operationalization of relapse in RCTs of clinical innovations for the prevention of relapse in first-episode psychosis.
However, perceptions of the effectiveness of the operationalization of FCC in terms of meeting family needs are varied.
Although more comprehensive measures of this construct exist that include sexual violence and injury (e.g. Conflict Tactics Scale revised, Straus, Hamby, Boney-McCoy, & Sugarman, 1996), items are also included within these measures which represent behaviors that may not be perceived as eliciting the harm inferred by the operationalization of IPV in the present study (e.g. my partner grabbed me).
History of violence is defined as lifetime experience of emotional, physical or sexual abuse, occurring during childhood (<18 years), adulthood (≥18 years) or both, regardless of the level of abuse or the perpetrator's identity, in accordance with the operationalization of the questions in the NorAQ [ 29].
A further limitation of this paper lies in the operationalization of information integration and multiple alternative generation used in this study that is based on items suggested by Miller et al. (1998).
Such a study helps in evaluating the extent of operationalization in formal models, but to the best of our knowledge it is not available in the scientific literature to date.
