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In this paper, a new comprehensive model has been presented for the measurement, evaluation and minimization of CO2, NOx and CO as three important emissions (emitted from vehicles) in the open time dependent vehicle routing problem (OTDVRP).
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As a result, the time dependent cyclic crack tip opening displacement (ΔCTOD) is used as representative value to describe both mechanisms.
The availability to simulate time dependent processes opens up new horizons for Monte Carlo simulation in nuclear medicine.
In an additive fitness model, adaptive evolution can be maintained at a stationary rate if the selection coefficients at individual genomic sites are time dependent: changes in selection open new windows of positive selection and trigger adaptive response by beneficial mutations.
The stiffness of element with an open crack is calculated from fracture mechanics and the stiffness of element with a breathing crack is modeled as a time dependent stiffness matrix using the stiffness of the element with an open crack.
Open image in new window Fig. 4 Time dependent state probability of U350.
Open image in new window Fig. 9 Time dependent load profile of auxiliary systems.
In return, investors receive a return over time, dependent on the actual services delivered.
The time-dependent, open circuit voltage output of the TEG was predicted using temperature results from a three dimensional transient heat conduction finite element model.
Why was the rate of molecular evolution year dependent rather than generation time dependent?
"All these geographic and time dependent changes really speak to the external factor," Hannun said.
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