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The island has low mammalian biodiversity; the only tick hosts present there are deer, white-footed mice, and birds.
Both microorganisms are transmitted by I. ricinus, the only tick in Norway known to transmit infections to animals [ 17].
The only tick species found in Simo was I. persulcatus, further widening its known distribution along the western coast of Finland.
We focused on the nymphal stage of I. scapularis because it is the only tick stage with a significant role as a vector for B. burgdorferi in North America (15 ).
Recently, A. phagocytophila has been detected in woodland rodents in northwest England, where I. trianguliceps, a nidicolous tick that feeds almost exclusively on small mammals, was the only tick species identified on rodents (11 ).
The only tick species observed in the woodland study site was Ixodes trianguliceps, and ruminant reservoir hosts were not known to occur. A. phagocytophila infections were detected in both bank voles and wood mice but were restricted to periods of peak nymphal and adult tick activity.
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In Brazil, Brazilian spotted fever was once considered the only tick-borne rickettsial disease.
It is the only tick-borne member of the genus Flavivirus with human pathogenicity in North America (2 ).
Until recently, Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF) caused by R. conorii and transmitted by the brown dog tick, R. sanguineus, was considered the only tick-borne rickettsiosis in Italy.
Brazilian spotted fever (BSF), caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, was at one time considered the only tick-borne rickettsial disease in Brazil (1 ).
All ticks were identified by using standard taxonomic keys (12 ). A. triste ticks were the only ticks collected from vegetation.
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