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In the present paper the acoustic influence of ribs is divided into three physical effects : the "vibrating" effect, the "source" effect and the "obstacle" effect.
That the tropopause penetration process was closely related to pressure perturbation indicates that the "obstacle effect" proposed by Clark (1986) was responsible for the wave excitation.
The obstacle effect of distance is stronger when combined with lack of transport and poor roads, and its disincentive effect is less pronounced if women have serious complications or the reputation of the provider is good [ 7].
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The obstacle effects on pollutant plume dispersion are examined by analyzing the vertical standard deviation and average height of plume.
The strengthening mechanism of δ phase is confirmed as its obstacle effect to dislocation movement.
Source and obstacle effects are then studied separately.
Methods used to parameterise obstacle effects in a MeM are summarised in this paper using results of the mesoscale model METRAS as examples.
A preliminary experimental investigation is presented on square stiffened plates, and shows that source and obstacle effects of ribs can be important.
In both cases of shallow- and deep-sag cables, the ratio of the initial amplitude to the distance between the cable and the obstacle had a minimal effect on the reduction in the relative frequency.
The relative position of a side vent and an obstacle affects side venting effect and the incentive effect of the obstacle.
Typical propagation patterns are shown by photographs and the effect of the obstacle on local velocities at the core of tube is analyzed.
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