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Specifically, (10) G (r ) o b s e r v e d = G (r ) s t o c h + G (r ) e n h a n c e r ⊗ G (r ) P S F, G(r) observed, the observed pair correlation function as calculated in the previous section.
In fact, while the theoretical value for MI is zero if amino acids occur independently at the two sites, MI can be zero only if the observed pair frequencies reflect all possible pairs for the observed amino acid frequencies.
In general, the frequency of the observed pair combinations closely matched the expected frequency of a binomial distribution (P > 0.05 chi-square goodness of fit test).
Since the ancestral diploid chromosome number (2n = 50) remained unchanged, the observed pair of ITSs is rather a relic of a previous pericentric inversion, although such types of rearrangement are not frequently associated with retained telomeric repeats in vertebrates ([ 90, 91]).
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The 2-h blocks were systematically rotated among the observed pairs to control for differences between observation time and nights.
The observed pairs of variants seem to help limiting plastic strain in the austenite phase, thus enhancing growth of the bainite phase during cooling.
As illustrated, the observed pair-wise correlations fall into one of three categories: those which correlate under all applied conditions (e.g., proline-threonine), only under one or more (but not all) conditions (e.g., fumarate-malate), and those which display no significant correlation under any of the conditions tested (e.g., fumarate-cysteine).
If ancestral population structure is approximately scaled by ancestral effective population size, then our chosen priors are conservative because we allow for ancestral population sizes that are two to four times as large as the observed pair-wise distances of extant population sizes (π1 and π2; Additional file 1).
The formation of SYP-1 aggregates, together with the observed pairing profiles, strongly suggests that the pairing defect in pgl-1 is caused by a defect in proper SC assembly, which is necessary to stabilize initial pairing.
Figure 3 displays each high-risk HPV pair observed whereby the size of the circle at the intersection of each high risk HPV type corresponds to the relative frequency of the observed pairing.
When the distribution of matches is compared for the real and randomized data, we find that the observed pairs are significantly more likely to link genes of the same functional class, than randomized pairs (Z-score 177.6) with 72.25% of real interactions having matching classes, compared to an average of 29.2% for the randomized trials.
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