The changes observed in the HHQ and NHQ distributions are not as easily explained, partly because they are more subtle, and partly because these quinolones are not as well-characterized as PQS, so the effect of the ΔlasIΔrhlI mutations on their abundance and distribution is less easily interpreted.
In particular, one QSSM (NHQ) in the plasma was elevated at the start of a pulmonary exacerbation, when compared to the baseline, and decreased significantly after treatment, suggesting this molecule may be sensitive to changes in clinical status and has particular potential as a biomarker in this setting.
Compared to the period of clinical stability, plasma NHQ was increased at presentation for treatment at the beginning of an exacerbation (p=0.008) (fig. 1), while sputum NQNO, sputum C7-PQS and plasma NQNO were lower at this time (p=0.009, p=0.03 and p=0.003, respectively).
An early study using GC and electron capture MS identified over 20 different AQs (Taylor et al., 1995), with HHQ being the most prevalent, followed by NHQ.
Following the 1974 Smiling Buddha nuclear test, the Director of Marine Engineering (DME) at Naval Headquarters (NHQ) initiated a technical feasibility study for an indigenous nuclear propulsion system (Project 932).
Plasma concentrations of 2-nonyl-4-hydroxy-quinoline (NHQ) were significantly higher at the start of a pulmonary exacerbation compared to clinical stability (p<0.01).
At the start of the pulmonary exacerbation, sputum, plasma and urinary levels of HHQ, NHQ and HQNO were positively correlated with each other in all three biofluids (table 3).
These mainly consisted of 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4(1 H -quinolone [termed tH -quinoloneas quinolone signal (PQS)], HHQ, HQNO and NHQ, with several other saturated and monounsaturated alkyl side chains of various lengths (Lépine et al., 2003, 2004).
Following the administration of systemic antibiotics, plasma 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline (p=0.02) and NHQ concentrations (p<0.01) decreased significantly.
Another prominent quinolone, 2-nonyl-4-quinolone (NHQ, MH+ at m/ z 272.2), exhibits sparse localizations in the MALDI images of both biofilms, and appears to colocalize with HHQ in the microscopic aggregates.
It was also discovered that wild-type ToMO forms 4-nitrocatechol (4-NC) from m-NP and p-NP with an initial rate of 0.15 and 0.0082 nmol/(min mg protein), respectively, and 3-NC (12%) and nitrohydroquinone (NHQ, 88%) from o-NP with an initial rate of 0.11 and 0.8 nmol/(min mg protein), respectively.
