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In the next equation the arrow represents a spontaneous loss of a negative beta particle (symbolized β−), an electron with very high velocity, from the nucleus of uranium-239.
This limit is given by the next equation, which is justified in Subsection 2.1.
The next equation defines Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative of order ν D ν f ( x ) = d m d x m ( J m − ν f ( x ) ), (3).
The value of the drop modulus depends on the deformation's modulus Erm, according to the next equation: {text{M }} = -upomega cdot {rm E}_{text{rm}} (8).
According to the regression analysis (using 15 data of Karaj Tehran water conveyance tunnel of Iran), the relation between the absolute value of drop modulus and the torque of TBM is suggested to the next equation.
The next equation defines the Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative of order: D ν f ( x ) = d m d x m ( J m − ν f ( x ) ), Open image in new window (10).
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The next equations of (4.1) are given by (5.24).
We omit by notation simplicity the argument s, in the next equations.
The next equations formalize the test, where A and B are sets of feature values measured for two different classes, and n 1 and n 2 are the corresponding number of samples: S E A − B = var A n 1 + var B n 2 (1) Test : mean A − mean B S E A − B > threshold _ value (2).
In the next equations, Lp n designates the a priori LLR of BN n, derived from the values received from the channel, and Lr mn is the message that is sent from CN m to BN n, computed based on all received messages from BNs of group N ( m ) n, where N ( m ) n represents BNs connected to CN m excluding BN n, according to: L r m n = ⊠ n ′ ∈ N ( m ) n L q n ′ m, (1).
Raw intensity values were imported into Microsoft Excel and normalized using the next equations: Where F is fluorescence intensity at time t and F0 is the mean of F taken during the control period.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com