To determine whether WT and the mutant differ in Al accumulation in a short term, we exposed the roots to Al for 6 h and then measured the total Al content in root tips (0 1 cm) and basal roots (1 2 cm).
Even though we detected a change in muscle physiology, where the decay times of mEPCs in the mutants differed from siblings, this difference did not compare with the differences in decay times documented for twister mutants and stage-matched twister siblings (see Lefebvre et al., 2004; Figure 6).
None of the mutants differed significantly from the wild-type plants in their germination and growth phenotypes on MS medium with or without salt during a 2-week observation period (Additional file 8: Fig. S6).
Interestingly, the mutants differed dramatically in the magnitude and direction of effects on levels of endogenous Armadillo in the "cellular" domain, highlighting a qualitative difference in lateral and central domains of expression.
Trichomes of cpr5 mutants were more transparent than those of wild-type, and appeared glassy, suggesting that the trichome cell wall of the mutants differed from wild-type trichome cell walls.
The mutants differed in their photosynthetic parameters: plants lacking MSP1 gene (psbo1 line) had reduced PSII activity, while those lacking MSP2 gene (psbo2 line) had the PSII activity unexpectedly increased [ 26].
To explore the molecular processes underlying the cell death phenotype of atips1, and to determine whether this mutant differed from the wild-type under permissive conditions, its transcriptome was analyzed using CATMA whole genome micro-arrays as described in the methods section.
Moreover, the localization of the protein and each of the mutants differs significantly in various cell lines, suggesting a multipotent role of the protein when it comes to activation pathways and localization patterns within the cell.
While β3-PSTAIRE loop conformations of the wild type align well, the loop conformations of the P45L mutant differed from the wild type significantly, one being localized below and one above the conformation of the wild type loop, indicating greater flexibility of this region in agreement with analysis of temperature B-factors.
It should be noted that the functional mechanisms between the DnaJ proteins AtJ8, AtJ11 and AtJ20 in regulation of CO2 fixation might be somewhat different because the j8 mutant differed in the response to ambient CO2 concentration while the j11 and j20 mutants showed lower response to light intensity, which suggests the involvement of photosynthetic light reactions in limitation of CO2 fixation.
