However, the success of these message dissemination schemes relies on our ability to develop and implement routing protocols to specifically address the low latency requirements in a highly mobile environment.
The arrowheads E and F represent the effect of the official message dissemination, the arrowheads A, B, C, and D denote the effect of the rumor spreading, C and D represent the competitive rumor spreading process, and all arrowheads represent the coupling effect of the government communication and rumor transmission channels.
Table 2 Basic parameters Parameter Meaning (alpha_{1}) The true rumor dissemination rate (alpha_{2}) The false rumor dissemination rate γ The rumor spreading competition impact coefficient (beta_{1}) The official message dissemination rate for the unaware (beta_{2}) The official message dissemination rate for the nonsupporter m The threshold of the rumor spreading competition.
Based on the analysis of the conceptual model, the conversion processes E and F represent the extent to which the influence of the official message dissemination on an unaware or a nonsupporter is likely to move them to become a supporter, as seen in Figure 2.
The official message dissemination influences the rumor-spreading process and affects the public opinion, so it could be seen as an effective measure to positively influence behavior in an emergency to dispel suspicion and reduce irrational behavior [26].
In [26], authors present the enhanced message dissemination based on roadmaps (eMDR), a scheme that mitigates the broadcast storm disconnected networks in real urban scenarios.
These standard specifications detail not only the packet formats for both the Cooperative Awareness Message (CAM) and Decentralized Environmental Notification Message (DENM), but also the general message dissemination rules.
In this paper, we present the enhanced Message Dissemination based on Roadmaps (eMDR), a novel scheme specially designed to increase the percentage of informed vehicles and reduce the notification time; at the same time, it mitigates the broadcast storm problem in real urban scenarios.
Some of them, such as the emergency message dissemination for vehicular environments (EMDV) protocol [3], achieve remarkable performance by exploiting partial or complete knowledge of the network topology [4].
