Firstly, the variable thickness of canopy cover, combined with ground layer obstacles such as fallen trees, rotting stems, and the location of living stems, precludes the even distribution of ash on the forest floor.3 Secondly, various authors have calculated the mean turnover rate of trees within rainforest to range between 40 and 180 years (Hartshorn 1978, 1980).
The mean turnover percentage of rams was 19.5 ± 1.5 %, which was always greater than the mean turnover of ewes (16.0 ± 0.6%%).
Results suggest that this bonus payment was sufficient to reduce mean turnover rates of the targeted teachers by 17%.
Both the nitrogen quantity in circulation and the mean nitrogen turnover rate determine the nitrification and de-nitrification rates (besides, of course, the prevailing site characteristics such as waterlogging or temperature), which are crucial for the quantity of nitrous oxide produced as a leaking by-product.
Since 2007, the mean annual turnover (eg, quitting, termination, moves, retirements) is 6.2%.
In healthy males, the urate pool averages about 1,200 mg, with a mean turnover rate of 700 mg/day.
The average value of the parameter k4 from the convolution approach was 0.013 ± 0.002 min−1 corresponding to a mean turnover time of 82 min.
The power calculation was based on our previous deuterium labeling studies among healthy young individuals (Vrisekoop et al., 2008), which revealed a mean turnover of naive T cells of 0.00042 per day with a SD of 0.00015 per day and a mean turnover of memory T cells of 0.0056 per day with a standard deviation of 0.0028 per day, assuming similar standard deviations at old age.
However, from the amount of radiolabel recovered in total C-AsA, we see that the mean rate of turnover of the totAsA pool during ripening was higher in 'Santorini' than 'Ailsa Craig' at 13.8 and 10.9 nmol totAsA/gFW/h respectively (Table 1).
The daily mean water turnover rate of the non lactating women in this study was 4.4 l/d, which was only measured during Ramadan, and appears to be slightly slower than the median (range) 5.2 (3.2 9.0) l/d that Singh et al (1989) determined in a similar group of Gambian women carrying out much the same heavy agricultural work in comparable environmental conditions.
"Some of these trucks are still running with more than a million miles on them, which means turnover can easily take a decade or more," he added.
