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The substrate is distorted, and the maximum distortion increases gradually during deposition.
Two appropriate dies with the maximum distortion angle of 30° and 45° are designed and constructed.
The maximum distortion was about −3.0% at field angle of 72.45°.
The effects of the number, degree and location of the openings on the maximum distortion and recovering rate of the plate are analysed.
The existing empirical equations for the maximum distortion amplitudes are evaluated and new relationships are developed to estimate the distortion and residual stress spatial distributions on the thin butt-welded plates.
Third, JND model, which refers to the maximum distortion that human visual system cannot perceive, is extended from spatial domain to temporal domain so as to determine perceptual cue in unit of MB.
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For various positions of the actuators, the maximum distortions on the mirror surface are evaluated, and from these results, the optimum positions of the actuators are located.
In tests with trained dolphins, they observed that the stiffer blubber hardly bends at all, while the blubber closest to the dorsal fin bends quite a lot, reaching its maximum distortion at the bottom of the tail's downstroke and then bouncing back.
The information sequence resulting in maximum distortion, can be calculated as (22).
(ii) Conversely, if the actual distortion between the original and the tampered signal is higher than the maximum tolerated distortion determined by the original CP, decoding might fail.
a The upper bound comes from the fact that this distortion is obtained when the filtering matrix only contains zeros, which should be the maximum expected distortion.
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