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Our study also demonstrated the lower validity of common comorbidities reported in hospital discharge data.
A likely explanation for the lower validity of the AQLQ is the pronounced ceiling effect.
Changes in administrative structure, and academic reforms that have occurred in Spain in the past could also influence the lower validity of the answers about LE.
The lower validity for 3-month-old infants can possibly be explained by results of the INFANIB development study in 1985 [ 15].
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Sensitivity analyses could not be done for higher versus lower quality or validity scores, because there were few studies of lower quality (2/5 on the quality scale) or lower validity (8/16 or less on the validity scale).
Combining two of the three defined criteria, resulted in general in lower validity of the IA diagnosis (i.e. lower number of confirmed IA diagnoses), but a higher number of patients who fulfil the criteria, compared with using only one criterion.
This implies that, when tested in a possible validation study, the instruments might show a somewhat lower validity, although probable still better than 'just guessing'.
Finally, IQWiG may accept results from well documented case series, which have a lower validity, if the intervention brings about a "dramatic effect", e.g. life-saving substitution of essential hormones (Section 3.2.2 IQWiG GM 4.0).
Lower validity across the newborn resuscitation variables may have resulted from lack of clarity in the abstractor guidelines regarding definitions of resuscitation, ventilation, invasive and non-invasive CPAP, as well as time and place of intervention.
Generally, single-item measures are thought to be psychometrically inferior to the multi-item scales because of lower validity and reliability [ 20].
Wolff et al. found for the toddler KIPPPI in two years olds lower validity indices than Kruizinga et al. found [ 26, 27].
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com