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Figure 9 shows the radiation pattern of the studied antenna, with the elevation range (between 11.7° and 39.7° as calculated according to the longitude range) marked in gray.
The mean height of the satellite is ∼500 km and covered the latitude belt of 31°S 34°N and the longitude range of 40 100°E.
In this paper, we examine major flares (≥M5.0) and the associated CMEs, extending (i) the longitude range considered in Paper 1 and (ii) the study period to 31 January 2014.
The latitude range was 55.6 65.7 degrees North and the longitude range was 11.9 22.0 degrees East.
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The considered latitude range extends from 18.4 to −64.7 and the longitude ranges from 281.3 to 297.7.
The considered latitude range extends from 18.4°N to −64.7°N and the longitude ranges from 281.3°E to 295.9°E in the South American sector.
There are little black circles in Fig. 2d, which is because DMSP ion density data over this longitude range don't cover the trough region in the Southern Hemisphere.
Since GLE events do originate from outside this longitude range (albeit with lower probability), we need to consider major eruptions from other longitudes as well.
However, there were other cycle-24 energetic eruptions (larger flares and faster CMEs) from the same longitude range as GLE71 that did not result in GLEs (Gopalswamy et al. 2013a, Paper 1).
We should note that due to an essentially poorer coverage by the GNSS data over the southern hemisphere (due to ocean area predomination), such effects were observed in the limited longitude range of 30°E 170°E (mainly over GNSS stations in Antarctica, as well as in the New Zealand and Australia networks and islands in the Pacific Ocean).
d Zonal wavenumber spectra for the 90° E–150° W longitude range at every 5° latitude around the equator.
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