At one point they fell by nearly 16%, hinting at fears that VW is paying too much to fold Porsche into its large stable of brands.But VW, which has been one of the few carmakers to hold its own as markets collapsed, claims that closer integration from shared design and pooled purchasing will, in the long term, boost the merged firm's operating profit by €700m a year.
The view in Berlin is that France has been slow to embrace structural reforms like making it easier to hire and fire workers that would, in the long term, boost growth.
Even this more modest Treasury figure may well over-estimate the long-term boost to GNI.
Though Gordhan forecasts a 0.4 percent increase in South Africa's real gross domestic product this year, about $5 billion, it is unclear what the long-term boost to the economy will be.
The recent problems with water there may deter travelers, but the new, dramatic art museum in Cape Town may have the long-term boost effect of the Guggenheim in Bilbao, Spain.
"Solving the housing shortage is possible, we just need politicians to roll up their sleeves and commit to the solutions that will create a healthier housebuilding market for the long term, from boosting small builders with government guarantees, to getting land into the hands of those who can build the affordable homes we need".
This will now be transferred to institutional funds, which should in the long term be boosted as the move to open access frees up funds through the elimination of journal subscriptions currently paid by research libraries.
He explains how re-investing share income over the long term can boost growth to an astonishing degree and, in many cases, obtain a yield that at least matches the rates offered on cash savings - especially while high street banks and building societies are not offering great rates.
'By slashing journey times and improving connections, it will also provide a long term boost to businesses in the regions it serves.
"The question is for us is… what is the correct balance between what must we do to enhance fiscal consolidation in the long term, and boost growth in the short term".
