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What is the logical relation between these two claims?
That norm would be responsive to the independent fact that such contents stand in the logical relation of contradiction to one another.
The criterion of identity for truth values is formulated then through the logical relation of equivalence holding between these other objects—sentences, propositions, or the like (with an explicit quantification over them).
A potentially even more illuminating comparison emerges from the perspective of Aristotle's theory of the four causes, where the laws are the material cause, the antecedent conditions the efficient cause, the logical relation between the explanans and the explanandum the formal cause and the explanandum the final cause (Fetzer 2000a, 113 114).
This we define as the logical relation that says: Whenever the organism is seen to have X, it does Y.
If the logical relation is determined to be of a PATIENT type, the potential name is extracted.
Similar(54)
In discussing the functions of subjects, predicates and the copula in propositions and the logical relations between propositions, logic is already discussing universals, individuals, identity, space-time and causality.
Aristotle's logic is known as term-logic, since it is concerned with the logical relations between terms, such as 'human being'animalmal'whiteite'white
The logical relations, which, according to Aristotelian logic, obtain between them are codified by the square of opposition.
This looks harmless enough, the principles governing t, T and T all holding for the undifferentiated ⊤ constant of classical and intuitionistic logic, but here notationally distinguished so as not to prejudice questions of the logical relations between them.[44] But in R, this harmless appearance is deceptive.
Standard logic is obviously inadequate to solve this problem unless supplemented by an account of the logical relations between degrees of belief which fall short of certainty.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com