We used fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) with two-photon excitation and time-correlated single-photon counting to visualize the lifetime changes in the capsules.
The lifetime changes with the oxygen concentration were compared with the range obtained during our previous study in ethanol solution (5 220 ns).
The fluorescent lifetime change reflected the variation to the relative proportion of the ordered and disordered phases, as shown previously, applying the fluorescence lifetime phasor analysis (73).
The effective lifetime change is the ratio of the effective lifetime after annealing to that of the effective lifetime before annealing.
However, the effective lifetime was low (Figure 2) because of the poor chemical passivation at 750°C in Figure 3b of the minimum lifetime change value.
The effective lifetime change initially increased with increased annealing temperature and then rapidly decreased below unity.
Qf and the lowest lifetime can be extracted from the resulting measurement curve, as described in the section 'Corona charging measurement.' Figure 3a shows the measured data, and Figure 3b shows the Qf and the minimum effective lifetime change (lowest lifetime after annealing vs. as-deposited value) as a function of the annealing temperature.
I now present the results of applying the method proposed in the previous section and discuss the role of passenger vehicle lifetime change and market expansion of used cars in CO2 emission reduction policies.
For situations, where the hazard function is modified unimodal shaped, usually, we have interest in the estimation of lifetime change-point, that is, the point at which the hazard function reaches to a maximum (minimum) and then decreases (increase).
However, data on the relationship between lifetime changes in BMI and endometrial cancer risk are limited and difficult to assess because a monotonic pattern (gradual weight increases during life) predominates in most studied populations (Le Marchand et al, 1991; Levi et al, 1992; Swanson et al, 1993; Olson et al, 1995; Xu et al, 2005, 2006; Park et al, 2010).
