Sentence examples for the level of par from inspiring English sources

The level of PAR to which a plant is exposed is related to photosynthetic rate (McCree, 1981), and variation in PAR can therefore have a major effect on plant growth and development.

To begin we measured the effectiveness of PARylation inhibition by PJ34 (Suppl. Fig. S8) and showed that the level of PAR is significantly reduced after inhibition.

In the field, the intensity of solar radiation (solar intensity; SI) determines the level of PAR to which a crop is exposed, and variation in solar radiation can affect crop yield (Liu and Tollenaar, 2009).

Specifically, PAR2 activation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activation of TLR4 synergistically enhance inflammatory signalling in airway epithelial cells by raising the level of PAR expression and secretion of interleukin (IL -8.

As Xiang and colleagues [ 12] reported that TGF-β decreased the level of PAR-2 in OA chondrocytes, we further validated our findings by investigating the effect of TGF-β1 on PAR-2 expression levels on normal (n = 2) and OA (n = 3) chondrocytes.

There is a direct correlation between the level of PAR-1 expression and the degree of invasiveness of breast carcinoma cell lines [ 61], in which endothelial permeability is one of the prerequisites for cancer invasiveness as it facilitates cell transmigration and plasma accumulation in the matrix to support new vessel formation [ 60].

Interestingly, PAR-2-AP appeared to be more efficient at increasing the level of PAR-2 protein than the cytokines, and mean increases of 53%, 64%, and 63% were found for PAR-2-AP 10, 100, and 400 μM, respectively, compared with 24% for IL-1β and 29% for TNF-α.

The levels of PAR-2 mRNA in normal (n = 4) and OA (n = 6) chondrocytes were determined by real-time PCR.

For the total level of PAR detection, the PAR sample was examined at 259 nm using UV-spectrophotometer.

These serial evaluations also showed the peak level of PAR formation to be lower in the cells treated with PARG antisense PMO than in the cells treated with control PMO (Fig. 3C).

Pretreatment with PI-103 was associated with activation of ERK and downregulation of BRCA1, whereas the increased level of PAR observed with PI-103 treatment disappeared with the addition of olaparib.