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Through the case study, the options for resource substitution are elaborated for wind turbines by applying a holistic design approach looking at all levels of design substitutions from the level of materials and components to subassemblies and whole-product concepts.
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The level of material welfare is also higher for Group 2 than for Group 1. Finally, Group 3 comprises the least traditional communities.
A degradation parameter that depends on the temperature and strain is introduced in order to determine the level of material degradation in the ceramics and metallic constituents.
In this case, after passing sufficient amount of flushwater to generate a siphon effect, it causes the level of material in the bowl to be lowered from Z 1 to Z2 (Fig. 1a) and so, flushing occurs.
In order to obtain a clearer picture on the interaction between these archetypes, at least on the level of material products, Table 2 provides an overview on what type supplies what product to society.
It has been concluded that the temperature of treatment has direct influence on the level of material corrosion and that the increase in the welding heat input contributes to a higher level of corrosion.
The primary aim of this investigation was to establish the total mass and volume loss from each coating under dry and slurry erosion testing conditions and compare the level of material loss following the respective testing regimes.
Volumetric analysis of the SprayStirred surfaces highlighted a drop of approx. 40% in the level of material loss when compared with the cold spray deposited coating prior to friction stir processing.
Semi-structured interviews were undertaken to assess the temporal relation between traumatic/stressful life events and the onset and worsening of hoarding symptoms, and to determine the level of material deprivation.
The level of material found at the bottom of the trench was so high that it suggests the Mariana Trench - which is in an area of the ocean known as the Hadal zone - could play a key part in the carbon cycle and therefore in regulating the planet's climate.
If the market process decreases the level of material privileges connected to the state sector, as suggested by market transition theory, we may expect that in prefectures with a higher degree of privatisation, people with urban hukou will have fewer income advantages: It is widely recognised that education, occupation and hukou have impacts on income differences in China.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com