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The particle image velocimetry data are used as the large scale part of a large eddy simulation and the small scales are modelled assuming that the turbulent kinetic energy production is limited to the large scale structures, the turbulent energy dissipation is confined to the small scale structures and the transfer of energy takes place in the inertial sub-range.
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As mentioned in Section 2, in order to better deal with details as well as avoiding ringing artifacts, we first separate an image into large scale parts and details using ROAD bilateral filter owing to its ability of well preserving fine features [26], and then enhance the large scale parts with function, while enhancing details with a less curved function.
The International Geomagnetic Reference Field IGRFF) is a time series of Gauss coefficients, describing the large-scale part of the Earth's magnetic field of internal origin.
(2016) discuss various attempts to determine monthly snapshot models of the large-scale part of Earth's gravity field from Swarm GPS observations.
Coarse-resolution models are intended to predict the large-scale part of the true dynamics, but observations invariably include contributions from both the resolved large scales and the unresolved small scales.
The error due to the contribution of unresolved scales to the observations, called 'representation' or 'representativeness' error, is often included as part of the observation error, in addition to the raw measurement error, when estimating the large-scale part of the system.
While our APMF considers the intensity standard deviations and treat large scale parts and details differently.
The IGRF-12 is a series of standard mathematical models describing the large scale internal part of the Earth's magnetic field between epochs 1900.0 and 2015.0 with a forecast to epoch 2020.0.
Flexible adhesives, characterised by low modulus, and large strains at failure in comparison with usual structural adhesives, present various advantages for assembling large scale parts and dissimilar materials while for instance limiting the influence of thermal stresses.
This is to avoid auroral current systems and field aligned currents that are not part of the large scale magnetospheric field.
The training and workshop for food security scholars in the APEC economies is the beginning only and it is a part of the large scale ongoing food security training program undertaken by our institute at CAAS.
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