Suggestions to achieve this include ethnographic studies of the target language situation; authentic discourse analyses of the relevant texts; and subject matter experts (SMEs) being invited as informants when defining 'successful' communication at work.
This article gives a first overview of the sign language situation in Mali and its capital, Bamako, located in the West African Sahel.
The enormous difference in exposure to the target language makes arguments based on exposure or emergence much less plausible in the foreign language situation.
The Sami settlement area of Norway is characterised by variety in the Sami population structure, language situation and traditions.
Another problem is that most English language learning takes place in countries where English is not the predominant language: a foreign language situation.
Much of the thinking leading to strictures against grammar teaching has taken place in countries where English is the predominant language: a second language situation.
