However, this comparison is strongly biased in favor of [68Ga]HBED-CC PSMA PET/CT due to the inherent instrumental differences between PET and SPECT with respect to sensitivity and resolution.
To account for instrumental differences between measurements the background value (detected at 250 nm, where no peptide signal is present) was subtracted.
This removes characteristic instrumental differences and standardizes the comparison with model data.
However, we attempted to control for instrumental differences by including the same positive control titrated in each assay in order to provide data to estimate the amplification efficiency for each run.
Instrumental differences are mostly taken care of as the lidar systems at both locations are very much similar in terms of laser power, aperture of the telescope, and other peripherals (given in Table 1).
Direct orthogonal signal correction (DOSC) is applied to correct for major variance sources such as temperature effects, time influences and instrumental differences in near infrared (NIR) data.
The relative measurements were performed using two of the three available gravimeters (denoted S/N 581, 705, and 876) during each campaign with a view to eliminating instrumental differences.
32 We tested for any difference between the instrumental variable models and the conventional regression models by using a Hausman test, and reported P values for the test for over-identifying restrictions when multiple instruments were used (Hansen's J test).
Because there are differences in the instrumental backgrounds and in the mass resolutions for the three possible combinations of electron and muon pairs (4e, 4μ, and 2e2μ), the searches were made in these independent subchannels and then combined statistically with a likelihood procedure.
The search strategy, which was adapted for each database, combined and interacted the terms "cost*", "effect*", "benefit*", "cost-effective*" and "cost-benefit*", with "matching", "stratification", "regression*", "propensity score*", "instrumental variable*", "difference in difference*", "control function" and "discontinuity".
