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Numerical and experimental results have demonstrated in excess of an order of magnitude reduction in the initiation threshold amplitude for an auto-parametric resonator (∼0.6 ms−2) as well as several folds lower for a parametric resonator with a non-resonant base amplifier (∼4.0 ms−2), as oppose to a sole parametric resonator without any threshold reduction mechanisms (10's ms−2).
We therefore used the following hypotheses already tested by Lucas et al. [15] to take into account the effect of gravistimulation in the model: 8 – Gravistimulation induces the initiation of new primordia by reducing the initiation threshold (IT).
Note that the property that the initiation threshold holds constant with respect to growth rate changes is not related to the specific set of parameters we used, or any set of parameters.
The quantitative contribution of this process is not clear, but within our framework it makes sense to ask how this would affect the initiation threshold, as this process is, roughly, a correction to RIDA.
This exercise is also important to show that the parameter changes with growth rate are not numerically negligible for empirically plausible parameters, so that the question of keeping the initiation threshold constant is not purely academic.
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Thinking about the existence of micropores, stress concentration will be produced near the pore even in smaller cyclic stress, which will drop down the crack initiation threshold, and the cupped grain boundary inside the pore may aggravate this condition.
Similar to the flow stress, the crack initiation threshold increases with temperature, and the threshold for (100)[010] orientation is higher than that for (110)[110].
D si is initialized to zero until the cumulative plastic strain attains the damage initiation threshold and it reaches unity (ideally) when the rebar is fractured.
The effect of CNT's is not straightforward: some damage related properties are unaffected, but the interfacial shear strength, the interlaminar fracture toughness and the damage initiation threshold during tensile loading are strongly increased by adding CNT's.
In order to understand the specific damage behavior of such materials under severe environmental conditions, AE analysis was accompanied by microscopic observations to detect the damage initiation threshold as well as the damage mechanisms within the composite material.
When current drove the membrane potential to the spike initiation threshold, v ¯, a spike time was recorded and a 1-ms absolute refractory period was initiated.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com