Exact(23)
The initial fitness benefits of group living are considered to be the greatest hurdle to the evolution of sociality1, and evolutionary theory predicts that these benefits need to arise at very small group sizes2.
The main factor influencing the correlation in evolutionary rates is the probability that a substitution will have an epistatic effect, but the strength of epistasis or the asymmetry of the initial fitness ranks of the alleles have only a minor effect.
Thus, the initial fitness recovery of debilitated HIV-1 clones was mediated by an increase in quasispecies heterogeneity.
Recent evidence suggests that the initial fitness costs of some drug resistance mutations can be rapidly compensated by secondary mutations that restore normal function [31], [32], [33].
The displayed run is typical in that the initial fitness gain is fast and plateaus at an intermediate fitness level.
The results confirmed that the optimum mutation rate was little influenced by the initial fitness of individuals.
Similar(37)
This is the time you've got to focus on just getting your running in, and just living through the initial fitness-building process.
Based on the results of this initial fitness test, the researchers divided the group into five fitness categories, with the bulk of the people residing, like most Americans, in the least-fit section.
Consequently, we decided to proceed with two series of experiments, one using the same initial fitness vector for all the competition experiments for each pair of organisms and the other with initial fitness randomly assigned in each competition.
This bias arises because the observed initial fitness is confounded by deleterious mutations accumulating during the assay, and the bias increases the larger the mutational effects and the longer the assay continues.
All the experiments for each pair of organisms were carried out with the same initial fitness vector.
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