This means that its planes, at least during that period, probably were safer than average even if the initial advantage was merely a bit of statistical good fortune, because the value of its ability to claim a perfect record rose the longer it lasted, and so gave the airline continuous incentives to incur greater costs in safety assurance.
Thus, mutations of the kind studied here are most likely to become fixed if their initial advantage is strong and this advantage lasts for a sufficiently long time.
Despite Edward's naval triumph off Sluys (1340), which confirmed English control of the seas, his initial advantage was lost as his resources and allies melted away.
Coke's initial advantage was its lower cost, mainly because making coke required much less labor than cutting trees and making charcoal, but using coke also overcame localized shortages of wood, especially in Britain and on the Continent.
Note that this condition is independent of how strong the initial fitness advantage is and for how long the favorable phase lasts.
An alternative suggestion is that the initial advantage of plastids may have simply been their uniquely useful metabolic end product, O2, as a boost to respiration in early mitochondria (Martin and Müller 1998).
Floating dry docks have the initial advantage that they can be built and fully equipped in shipyard and factory conditions, in which their construction is not subject to unforeseen hazards arising from weather and variations in the ground conditions from those anticipated during design.
Thus the initial advantage in specific energy density is reduced.
This observation, combined with the results from Section 3.2, indicates that even though FABS-SVM has the initial advantage for running time, this is off-set by the initial more accurate results produced by FABS-NC′.
For quite some time I have been wondering what the initial advantage of amino acid usage could have been.
