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Unfortunately, the incumbent system was nearing end-of-life, having been around for over 15 years.
Muratore connected with a small group of newly recruited engineers who felt the same way about the incumbent system.
The incumbent system is large scale in every respect, including the gains and losses to the incumbent companies and organisations.
Cognitive radio (CR) is proposed to automatically detect and exploit unused spectrum while avoiding harmful interference to the incumbent system.
Yet as we know from the life of social cycles, real change occurs when the "anomalies" -- another word for the change agents -- become too numerous to be absorbed into the incumbent system.
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So, we're only competing against other messaging solutions, not the incumbent systems.
Due to incorrect incumbent system sensing results, the conventional PSM scheme always uses the full power to transmit, which will cause harmful interference to the incumbent systems.
For example, LBT is mandatory in Japan and Europe for better coexisting with the incumbent systems such as WiFi and radar systems.
In the case of the conventional scheme, regardless of the number of SNs, a CR communication pair cannot obtain the correct measurement due to the lack of a neighbor cooperated power controlling mechanism, so it always yields heavy interference to the incumbent systems around it.
It addresses techniques to assess channel vacancy by the cognitive radio, focusing on the two incumbent systems of the TV bands, namely TV stations and wireless microphones.
Mission control was confident in the tried-and-tested incumbent system — after all, it had taken humans to the moon, and flight controllers and software engineers knew its quirks and could respond in any emergency.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com