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The analysis considered the three basic steps in scale development: item generation, theoretical analysis, and psychometric analysis.
To aid in scale development, Item Response Theory (IRT) was used to examine the psychometric properties of individual items.
The thorough work in development of the items and that it was tested in several pilot studies grant for high face validity.
Careful attention was paid to the linguistic nuances in the item development.
If DIF items are found in measures in development then these items could be re-written or the item could be removed and an alternative DIF-free item with similar item properties could be substituted.
In many cases, leveraging non-development item (NDI) technologies in a system offers the potential for reduced lifecycle costs, shorter time to market, and superior technical performance compared to developing technologies in-house; however, there are inherent challenges.
The data used to map SGRQ-C items to CAT severities were derived from multiple countries and, during the CAT's development, items that performed differently in different countries were excluded.
The following steps were involved in the instrument development process: item development, face and content validation, internal consistency reliability, and construct validity.
No demographic information was collected at this time because the data were only to be used in the item development process and not any kind of hypothesis testing.
Scale development experts were consulted in the development of items, and the final selection was based on pilot results.
A final challenge in the item development process involved the strong socialization of patients undergoing long-term anticoagulation.
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