Literature provides examples of such peptides leading to antibodies recognizing the immunizing peptide and the corresponding segment within the protein with similar efficiency [62], [63], [64].
This is important for antigens from infectious organisms that may have infected the immunizing animal before the immunization.
Orally administered recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccines (RASVs) elicit humoral and mucosal immune responses against the immunizing antigen.
A tenfold stronger IgG immune response to the immunizing antigen was generated in mice and rabbits that received dLPS-containing conjugate.
In addition, vaccination with short peptides can lead to tolerance of the immunizing antigens rather than immunity unless ex vivo loading of DC is used [ 20, 21].
Instead, immunization by bite elicits blood-stage immunity that is effective against the immunizing strain and also a more virulent, genetically distinct P. chabaudi.
Equally important in the design of this study, is the characterization of the host immune response both to the immunizing agent, and subsequent virulent challenge.
However, for some combinations, immune responses to CS contributed to the acquisition of protective immunity and were dependent on the immunizing IrrSpz dose.
These sera did not, however, block the cytotoxicity of lymph node cells from tumour immune rats for cells of the immunizing tumour.
Sera from mice immunized against each of the tumours were tested against viable cells of the immunizing tumour by indirect immunofluorescence.
The immunizing agent should induce long-lasting, ideally permanent, immunity.
