Comparisons of the identified forces with the measured results from instrumented wheelset were introduced in Ref [22], which showed that the identified wheel vertical forces had perfect correlation with the measured results from the instrumented wheelset.
Accuracy of the identified forces also depends on the parameters of the beam force system which have not been systematically studied.
The moving forces are identified from the bridge strains using the four methods, and the rebuilt responses are calculated from the identified forces for comparative studies on the four methods.
This indirect method was validated on the curved track in the loop test line, from which it was concluded that the identified forces had good coincidence in the time domain with the instrumented wheelset [21].
The forces in the state-space formulation of the dynamic system are identified in the time domain using a recursive formula based on several distributed sensor measurements, and responses of the structure are reconstructed using the identified forces for comparison.
The dynamic behavior of the bridge deck under moving loads is analyzed using the orthotropic plate theory and modal superposition principle, and Tikhonov regularization procedure is applied to provide bounds to the identified forces in the time domain.
By applying Bell-Evans model to the experimentally identified force spectra, the intrinsic chemical potential and energy landscape of the binding complex can be extrapolated.
The identified footstep force is then generalized using a time series, the coefficients of which are obtained from collected samples of footstep forces.
Therefore, a feedback compensation controller based on the identified thrust force model is designed and implemented for reducing ultra-low-velocity fluctuations.
To verify the indirect method theoretically, the identified wheel rail forces are compared with those calculated by Simpack.
