That revelation echoed the identical "paper-driven" limitations first reported by Lichtblau and Piller in 2002.
We used uniform and identical paper on which to plot the Goldman fields and thus the cut out weight of the visual field gives an accurate representation of the overall area of the visual field.
In all but 2 cases, exclusion due to non-completion was due to technical and Internet connectivity issues; a subsequent questionnaire was completed from these countries as a second attempt with the online survey tool or via an identical paper version.
The teachers completed the survey using either a computer-assisted questionnaire or, if no computer was available, an identical paper and pencil version.
Patients lacking Internet access received an identical paper version.
18 The survey was distributed via both e-mail, with a link to a web-based questionnaire (Questback), and an identical paper version (see online supplementary appendix) along with prepaid stamped return envelopes.
To test concordance following training, the two assessors also received a further 9 identical papers (stratified by date).
"When I said, 'Don't ask your wife,' I pictured this couple, or maybe brother and sister, who had submitted identical papers, and I imagined them watching and being surprised, like, 'Hey, the professor's talking to us.' " And on the final, the hand-scorers have not yet detected a single example of plagiarism.
Virtually everyone in his class gets an A, except for two obese brothers whose identical papers, titled "Cells Are Bad," earn them C-minuses.
After review of title and abstract, we excluded 961 of those records (identical papers, n = 31; inclusion criteria not fulfilled, n = 930; most commonly due to studies not examining elite athletes and/or mortality/longevity trends), which left 40 eligible full-text articles from the Web of Science database search.
