In each case, HR requires the presence of homologous DNA sequences, which reduces the potential errors in repair.
Elevating HR requires totally redefining the work content of the chief human resources officer—in essence, forging a new contract with this leader and adopting a new mechanism we call the G3 a core group comprising the CEO, the CFO, and the CHRO.
I will be writing much more on this topic in the year ahead, but let me simply say that Digital HR requires fluency with mobile apps, design thinking, video, behavioral economics and the use of embedded analytics.
A second important difference lies in the timing of this process: in contrast to the 24 hr required for cell polarization in the embryo, EBs need 4 7 days to establish polarized epithelium and to cavitate (Li et al., 2003).
HR requires a homologous DNA repair template, usually in the form of a sister chromatid, which ensures that the original DNA sequence is restored.
In general, HR requires: 1) damage recognition, 2) end resection mediated by the MRN complex, 3) RAD51-dependent homology-directed strand invasion and repair synthesis, 4) dissociation from the template strand, and 5) end ligation.
HR requires long homologous sequences for DSB repair whereas little or no homology is necessary for the NHEJ pathway.
However, not all HR requires a DSB intermediate; a fork-stalling DNA adduct may be bypassed without complete breakage ('collapse') of the fork.
HR requires nucleolytic degradation of 5′ DNA ends to generate tracts of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), which are also important for the activation of DNA damage checkpoints.
HR requires a homologous template, occurs during S and G2 phase (that is, in proliferating cells) and is error free [ 27].
