The transparency of the VG film decreases as the growth proceeds with a longer time (Fig. 8a).
But in a finite system, the average concentrations gradually change towards their equilibrium values as the growth proceeds.
On top of the existing continuous layer, aligned nanoneedles start to form as the growth proceeds further.
As the growth proceeded, the metabolites produced during the degradation of PAHs were toxic at a higher level which reduced the growth rate (Table 1; Fig. 3).
As the growth proceeds, the following characteristic differences are observed: At (t=0), the grain distributions for all grain sizes are identical.
With reducing the spacer thickness, more strain fields transmitted to the following layer; therefore, the growth proceeds in a more efficient approach to relax the accumulating strain.
While the <110>-oriented Ge NWs appear cylindrical at the beginning of the growth (Figure 6a), some of the {111} sidewalls may show a change of their morphology, as the growth proceeds.
Upon the birth of defects, their generation, reconstruction, and diffusion may take place simultaneously during the CNT growth process, though their respective rates may change as the growth proceeds.
Furthermore, these studies revealed that the growth proceeds in an island-like fashion, consistent with the Volmer-Weber growth mode, illustrating also the presence of nucleation sites for graphene domain growth.
The traditional view of epitaxial growth of a crystal on an underlying substrate, having appropriate lattice matches, is that the growth proceeds immediately and that nucleation considerations are unnecessary.
