That reflects improvements in the absolute levels for the poor, which can be separate and even more significant than the gap reductions.
Overall, the starting hypothesis is supported in both regions, that stronger program effort is accompanied by larger reductions in the gaps and by more contraceptive use among the poor that helps explain the gap reductions.
The discussion concerning the gap-reduction for Ge NCs is still valid in the amorphous case, with Ge systems presenting similar or smaller gaps with respect to the equivalent Si counterparts.
Density-of-states (DOS) computations uncovered that the defects induced strain effects on GO, confinement of light at the GO-PS/PSO interface, and the band gap reduction of GO cumulatively engendered the SERS effect.
(44) Also, the band gap reduction in the vicinity of a metal as observed in three-terminal single-molecule devices(45) reminiscent of the Newns−Andersen model could be accounted for in this way.
And when the concentration reaches to 5/32, the band gap reduction becomes saturated.
The band gap reduction is attributed to a change in the correlation energy of the frontier orbitals of the atomic wires due to the increased effective screening of the Coulomb interaction as a result of the polarization of the dielectric substrate.
And the interaction between them contributes to the band gap reduction of GaAs1-x-yN x Bi y. Figure 1 Band structure and total DOS.
In line with UNICEF corporate priority of "Social Inclusion " (UNICEF Strategic Plan for 2014-2017) and the CEE/CIS Regional Key Leadership Area of "Social Protection", UNICEF has committed to the equity gap reduction in access to adequate social protection through driving governments to initiate and sustain social protection reform until it works for children[1].
The doped nitrogen substituted for oxygen in (BiO 2CO3 and was responsible for the band gap reduction of N-doped (BiO 2CO3.
