Direct speech is not marked even by dashes, let alone quotation marks; the utterances of a dialogue run together with only commas to separate them, plus the capitals that begin a sentence — a manner perhaps less confusing in Portuguese than in English, where the frequent word "I," following a comma, seems, falsely, to signal a different speaker.
Once the frequent word sets have been identified, the intra-sentential language patterns can be generated via a confidence measure.
For the 50 last repetitions, we observed an increase of the N170 amplitude for the frequent word but not sufficient to evidence a significant frequency effect.
However, they evidenced a strong repetition effect specific to the frequent words, one repetition several minutes after the first presentation of the stimulus being enough to increase the negativity.
To develop this chart, we count all words used in the Moby Dick, from the most frequent word (i.e., the) to the least frequent word (i.e., aback).
Another way of looking at this is that a rank r word occurs 1/r times as often as the most frequent word, so the rank 2 word occurs half as often as the rank 1 word, the rank 3 word one-third as often, the rank 4 word one-fourth as often, and so forth.
If the editor always chooses the less frequent word, a non-negative amount of information |ΔI| will be added each time.
Thus, the most frequent word is replaced by '1', the second most frequent by '2', and so on [34].
The value of the semantic input was set according to the following equation: Semantic input = 1 1 + e - (k (log (f + 2 ) ) - 1 ) × U (t ) where f was the frequency of the word (Kucera & Francis, 1967), and k was selected so that the most frequent word had a maximum semantic input of.95 and the least frequent word had a minimum semantic input of.5 (k = 1.14).
Interestingly, in creating a musical "vocabulary," we found a well-known phenomenon common in written texts and many other domains: Zipf's law, which predicts that the most frequent word in a text will appear twice as often as the next most frequent word, three times as often as the third most frequent, and so on.
的 de 'DE', as the most frequent word and character in Chinese, accounts for up to 5% of word frequency in a corpus (e.g. Chen et al. 1996), and remains one of the most challenging function words to be accounted for in Chinese.
