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The former classifies the bimodal feature vectors combined from audio and visual channels into different emotions directly [13], while the latter makes decisions based on rules after separate acoustic and visual classifications [11].
An important distinction between stage theories such as the Transtheoretical model and social cognitive theories such as the Theory of Planned Behavior is that the former classifies subjects according to a discrete (dichotomous) stages-of-change algorithm, while the latter consists of dimensional variables that predict and explain behavior change.
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She's taken on Starbucks and American Airlines (both were accused of skimming tips from workers) and sued a Massachusetts strip club and a pizza chain (the former classified its dancers as independent contractors but expected them to share their tips with managers and bouncers. The latter was a case in which kitchen staff members were forced to give back their overtime wages or lose their jobs).
The former would classify as "intrinsic motivation" and the latter would classify as "controlled motivation" [ 10, 11].
As the theory predicts, top and bottom occupations increased the most, the former being classified as abstract tasks and the latter as manual tasks.
Hence, qualitative method also involved generating the thickness map of the saprolite and the resistivity maps of both the bedrock and that of the former to classify groundwater prospect of the various bedrock terrains across the study area.
The former are classified as perfect duties, the latter as imperfect.
The former being classified as less than or more than 20 cigarettes per day.
When data were available on both anti-HCV and HCV RNA tests, we used only the former for classifying subjects as positive or negative for HCV infection.
If the span of a given model is contained within the span of another model, the former is classified as 'nested' in the latter (inferred to have inserted into the latter).
The former simply classified each patient as a case or control, whereas the later model accounted for the total drug exposure and was a successful methodology previously employed by Baldwin et al (2012).
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com