During the formative centuries of Christian dogma, there had been many ways of describing that reconciliation, most of them having some precedent in biblical speech.
While slouching against a wall in a former cigarette factory in the industrial outskirts of The Hague one day last month, I was visited with the sudden realization that over the formative centuries of European history the two words that most succinctly signaled "other," "foreign" or "enemy" were these: "Jew" and "Turk".
It is true, however, that unlike most other European countries, Britain (with the exception of the Channel Islands) did not have on its own territory the formative 20th-century experiences of war, defeat, occupation and fascist or communist dictatorship.
Annabelle Lyon, an American ballerina who danced with some of the most important companies in the formative years of 20th-century American ballet, died on Nov. 4 at her home in Mansfield, Mass.
This idealism flourished in German anthropology in the late 19th century, notably in the work of Rudolf Virchow and Adolf Bastian, and influenced the German-born Franz Boas, a longtime professor at Columbia University, who trained most of the formative generation of 20th-century American anthropologists.
Covenants (mīthāq, ʿahd) were of great importance in the formative period of Islam (7th century ce, or 1st century ah after the Hijrah [Hegira], the Prophet Muhammad's flight from Mecca to Medina).
Viewed thus, the 19th century is the formative period for the modern study of religion.
Aspects of the Old Babylonian mathematics may have come to the Greeks even earlier, perhaps in the 5th century bc, the formative period of Greek geometry.
Obsessive fear of chaos rooted in the "formative trauma" of the 17-century Thirty Years' War and its aftershocks, including Socialism.
But, his emphasis on ideology notwithstanding, a shared national narrative of the formative event of the twentieth century is still missing: Was the 1917 Bolshevik revolution a national disaster that destroyed the imperial Russian statehood?
The Malinke and Wolof kingdoms, fully established by the 19th century, were still in the formative stages when the Venetian explorer Alvise Ca' da Mosto (Cadamosto)—in the service of Portugal's Prince Henry the Navigator arrived in 1455.
