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Based on the above evidence, the changes in the various components of CY following bacterial fermentation may improve its anti-carcinogenic effects in the FCY formulation.
Polymorphisms of genes encoding the Fcy receptors (Fc fragment of IgG receptor 2A (FCGR2andand 3A (FCGR3A)), which influence their affinity for the Fc fragment, have been linked to the pharmacodynamics of monoclonal antibodies.
Alternatively, host-derived ligands such as complement proteins and immunoglobulins can identify and coat foreign objects and these opsonins are then recognized by cell-based receptors, including the complement receptors and the FcY receptors.
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To investigate the relationship between the regulation of MAPK pathways and the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation following FCY treatment, the FCY-induced phosphorylation of MAPK proteins was analyzed by Western blotting.
In the present study, the FCY-stimulated activation of caspase-8 resulted in an increased level of t-Bid, which is typical of the initiation of the extrinsic apoptosis pathway.
These data indicate that the effect of FCY on the cell cycle suppresses DNA synthesis and growth in AGS cells, which are related to apoptosis.
As a result of analyzing the 11components present in CY and FCY, the contents of ephedrine HCl, glycyrrhizin, gingerol, schisandrin, and gomisin A were respectively increased by fermentation in FCY.
The treatment of CY or FCY inhibited the viability of AGS cells, interestingly, the inhibition of cancer cell growth was enhanced by fermentation of CY.
Although this medicine has been attracted Asian scientists with investigating mechanisms of action against inflammatory-related diseases, there is a little available information on the anti-cancer effect of CY, especially on the fermented form (FCY).
The fermented CY (FCY) by Lactobacillus at 37 °C for 48 h was filtered with a 60 μm naylon filter (Millipore, Billerica, MA), lyophilized, and stored −20 °C before use.
FCY induced the apoptosis through activating the caspase-3, −8, and −9.
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