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If not, where had the American military gotten the false intelligence?
As the debate over military action in Syria has unfolded in the West, Iraq's own painful history with American military intervention, and the false intelligence put forward to justify it, has provided a counternarrative to those who support intervention.
After the false intelligence that led America into Iraq, and the mayhem that followed, it may seem hard to believe that America or Israel are pondering an attack on a much bigger Muslim country.
In fact, the false intelligence that came from France, Germany, Italy had originally been provided to their intelligence agencies by CIA under long-standing intelligence sharing agreements.
Washington has long said it views the use of chemical weapons in Syria as a "red line", but wary of the false intelligence that was used to justify the 2003 war in Iraq, it has said it wants proof before taking action.
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Two members of Parliament, Mr. Safi and Maulavi Gul Ahmad, who is from the area, said the villagers blamed tribal enemies for giving the military false intelligence on foreign fighters gathering in the village.
But after seven years of a war started by President George W. Bush on the basis of false intelligence, the desire for finality, and perhaps closure, has focused attention on this moment and provoked a fresh discussion in Washington about what it all has meant.
Apple created something ubiquitous, the iPod, and then carefully and stealthily snuck in the rest of its wares under the radar, sending out false intelligence in the form of the Hodgman videos and creating a cult not of personality but of product — name one Microsoft product that gets as much attention as the iPhone in terms of modern mindshare and I'll give you a twenty dollar bill.
He launched the war in Iraq on the basis of false intelligence and wildly optimistic assumptions about how easy it would be to win.
He started out safely enough — hewing to well-rehearsed Republican talking points about how Mr. Obama and all other Democrats are obsessed to the point of paralysis by the most recent Iraq war (you know, the one President George W. Bush started on the basis of false intelligence).
These are attacks, however, routinely carried out on the basis of false intelligence, in countries such as Pakistan where no war has been declared and without the consent of the elected government.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com