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Summarizing rates of evolution of Influenza A viruses and possibly other segmented RNA viruses by a single number might therefore not give a realistic picture of the extensive rate variation found in these viruses.
A possible reconciliation between the extensive rate of gene duplications and the gene balance hypothesis is that functional divergence directly followed the duplication event, thereby facilitating the retention of both duplicates [ 23].
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"There is a stunning silence to the extensive rates of violence, and shameful statistics of children killed, in this region," said Mr. Kastberg.
In a large and variable dataset such as in this EST study, one can expect that extensive rate heterogeneity that may not be correctly accounted for by using non-partitioned analyses.
The existence of such an extensive rate variation among lineages precludes the application of the linearized tree method [ 45] whose estimates can be highly biased when the molecular clock does not hold [ 46].
These websites allow you to search for lawyers as well, although they do not have the same extensive rating system as [1].
These rates are similar to those estimated in previous studies (e.g., [ 11, 16]), and our results suggest that there is extensive rate heterogeneity between the different segments of the Influenza A genomes of H1N1 viruses, and even within segments as demonstrated in particular by the posterior estimates for M2 and M1.
The extensive reaction rate can be calculated as the sum of the reaction rate in each cell, being this proportional to the light absorbed by each particle.
If such branches are equally distributed among datasets, at least 35 datasets should have estimated rate variation less than (μ+2σ)/(μ−2σ); when this is not the case, we infer that error in rate estimation is present and causing more extensive rate variation than expected based on the stochastic substitution process alone.
We aimed to assess whether NGAL could be used as a protein biomarker of malignant potential, and given the extensive expression rate in adenomas, this was not the case.
We recently demonstrated that myeloma cells are highly sensitive towards proteasome inhibitors due to their extensive rate of immunoglobulin synthesis, thereby triggering the terminal unfolded protein response (UPR) and apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.
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