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It is possible that the gene transfer from bacteria to fungi has occurred in such a symbiotic ancestor of Leotiomyceta, the extant crown group of the Ascomycota.
Thus we hypothesize that the PKS was gained through an ancient HGT event that happened before a radiation in Leotiomyceta, which gave rise to the extant crown group of Ascomycota.
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The beginning of diversification among the extant taxa (crown age) in our tree was estimated at 28.32 Ma (95% HPD 41.25 Ma - 16.23 Ma).
This conclusion, dependent on the inclusion of fossil stem snakes in our analysis, would be unexpected if only extant snakes were considered, given the sister-position of highly derived scolecophidians to all other extant crown snakes.
First, Equisetopsida is an ancient lineage dating back more than 300 million years, but extant (crown group) members are limited to Equisetum, which diversified only within the last 60 million years [ 26].
In eastern Canada, the extant closed-crown boreal forest corresponds to two ecological regions separated along 49°N, the northern black spruce zone and the southern balsam fir zone.
The extant structures in the complex consist of a chapel crowned with a ribbed blue-tiled dome, enclosed by a wall, and fronted by an archway.
The extant taxa, Lepus, Sylvilagus, and Ochotona are used to represent crown lagomorphs.
The Muroidea superfamily constitutes a relevant model for the study of molar crown diversification because it encompasses one third of the extant mammalian biodiversity.
Chengia laxispicata gen. et sp. nov. provides a missing link between archetypal fertile organs in the crown lineage of the Gnetales and compound female cones of the extant Ephedraceae.
As the fossil Parachanna could not be reliably assigned to any of the extant species of Parachanna, the calibration was placed on the stem group, rather than the crown group [ 83, 84].
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