Consequently, the extant age-structured population at Harrison Lake contains a nearly complete record of the history of parasite exposure, and further provides unique opportunities to investigate temporal processes that have occurred following parasite establishment.
The beginning of diversification among the extant taxa (crown age) in our tree was estimated at 28.32 Ma (95% HPD 41.25 Ma - 16.23 Ma).
We tested for homogeneity among the haplotype distribution of the 53 pooled samples of ancient Danes from the Iron Age to the Medieval Age and the extant Danes sample with a G-test.
However, only a few instances of endemic fauna older than the age of the extant islands have been confirmed, such as the Galapaganus weevils [ 22].
Most surprisingly, we obtained a time estimate for the origin of the Mascarene clade that significantly exceeds the geological ages of the extant emerged islands.
Based on the presence of synapomorphies linking the fossils to the extant clades, all fossils were used as minimum age constraints for specific nodes ([ 32, 59], Figure 1).
However, the frequency of Hg U4 and U5 declines significantly among our more recent Iron Age and Viking Age Danish population samples to the level observed among the extant Danish population.
We dated the last common ancestor of the extant Eurasian beaver mitochondrial genomes to almost twice the age than estimated before, around 210,000 ya (CI: 110,000 340,00 ya).
A graphic approach was used to identify age, period and cohort effects in the extant data of this study.
Burmese amber includes the slightly younger (100 Ma) scolytine fossil in the extant genus Microborus[ 22] and thus indicates a more exact minimum age for Scolytinae.
This concept is further linked to recent neuroimaging studies in human aging, building a new bridge between our recent findings of entropy conservation and the extant literature.
