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Additional details about the temporal performance of twelve of the participating subjects in the explicit timing tasks are presented in a preceding paper [5].
It is important to mention that the performance differences between the explicit timing tasks have been reported in detail elsewhere [5].
Nevertheless, the implicit timing task (circle drawing) again formed a solitary branch separate from the explicit timing tasks in both modality trees.
Fifteen (6 males and 9 females) subjects (mean age: 25.3 yrs, SD: 2.7 range: 23 31 yrs) underwent the explicit timing task while the remaining 12 subjects (6 males 6 females mean age: 24.3 yrs SD: 3.5 range: 21 31 yrs) performed the implicit timing task (t test for differences in mean age p = 0.36).
From the original group of 15 subjects who performed the explicit timing task, only 10 (5 males, 5 females mean age: 25.8 yrs SD: 3.1, range: 23 31 yrs) showed (among blocks) a mean d'>1 (more than 75% of correct responses).
Subjects were seated comfortably in a quiet testing room facing an LC computer screen (1600*1200 resolution 1280*768 pixels, frame rate 60 Hz) and were requested to push mouse buttons to give responses in the explicit timing task or to press on the computer keyboard for the implicit timing task.
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However, it is also clear that the circle drawing task, which implies implicit timing, is quite different from the remaining explicit timing tasks.
Twenty human subjects executed the following explicit timing tasks: interval categorization and discrimination (perceptual tasks), and single and multiple interval tapping (production tasks).
These labels highlight the crucial distinction between processes engaged in tasks for which the goal is to provide an overt estimate of elapsed time (explicit timing) as opposed to tasks in which the goal is non-temporal but can, nevertheless, be facilitated by an (apparently incidental) temporal context (implicit timing).
Interestingly, cerebellar lesions severely disrupt the execution of explicit timing tasks, such as multiple interval tapping and intermittent circle drawing, but they do not affect the performance in the continuous circle drawing task [16], [17].
Alongside this model, in which estimates of time intervals originate in neuronal activity, the brain structures involved in processing time-related data differ depending on whether they are estimating the duration of a stimulus (explicit timing) or gauging the lapse of time, or interval, separating us from an event expected to occur in a few seconds or minutes (implicit timing).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com