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In contrast to the static sequence measurements, microarrays measure the dynamic, condition-specific responses of complex biological systems [ 4- 7], and their comparative analysis has led to improvements in annotating gene function and inferring the evolution of interaction and regulatory networks [ 3].
Given the central role that duplication plays in the evolution of interaction networks, it would be interesting to understand how networks shed light on the evolution of gene duplicates, and how to estimate evolutionary rates of network evolution by using duplicated genes.
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Consequently, the evolution of interactions between birds and fruits occurs over very broad geographic ranges.
The defenses and counterdefenses seen in the relationships between hosts and parasites, or between prey and predators, are snapshots of one point in time during the ongoing process of the evolution of interactions.
Therefore, the evolution of interactions between parasites and hosts, grazers and victims, and predators and prey all differ from one another as a result of the ways in which the interaction affects the victim.
Given that Kaiso is absent from non-vertebrate metazoans, the evolution of interactions with both p120 and TCF may represent a vertebrate-specific adaptation connecting cadherin complexes in general, and p120 in particular, to canonical Wnt signaling pathways.
The theory presented here is a theory of the evolution of interactions.
Prior to the evolution of interactions, this causes all species to equilibrate at the same density.
Before the evolution of interactions, the response of the ecosystem is proportional to the environmental forcing applied (Fig. 6 a).
Protein interactions mediate the function of biological systems, where the evolution of interactions is important to understand the functional mechanism in act (Juan et al. 2008; Lovell and Robertson 2010).
In contrast, after the evolution of interactions (Experiment 2), the response of the system is discrete or switch-like and exhibits significant hysteresis (Fig. 6 b).
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