The existence of similar visual preferences in the chick supports the idea that the equivalent routes in the primate brain may share a common function, and avian-mammal brain homologies have been increasingly recognized [35].
(Its construction resulted in almost 2,500 deaths -- including a few lives lost to infamous Kenyan man-eating lions.) A creaking train still makes the Mombasa-Nairobi trip three times a week, but it takes up to 14 hours longer than the equivalent bus route.
To study the influence of cross country differences on willingness to pay estimates, we combined datasets collected in Sydney, Santiago de Chile and Taichung city in Taiwan, all of them related to an equivalent route choice experiment.
equivalent route for treating AD and stroke (Tobinick and Vega, 2006a; Tobinick et al., 2006b; 2012), has been reported to prevent memory deficits caused by administering Aβ to mice i.c.v.
We added treatment allocation and interaction terms to this model to identify factors that significantly modified the response to vitamin D. We pre-specified the following study level variables for entry into this interaction analysis: vitamin D daily dose equivalent, route (oral or intramuscular), and co-administration of calcium.
In a sense, the development of chemical reduction can provide equivalent routes for production and modification of graphene materials via wet chemical techniques.
The preference for horizontal movements seen in the rats in our study was manifested in several different ways: they exhibited horizontal movement preferences (Experiments 1 and 3), horizontally layered foraging strategies (Experiments 1 and 3) and horizontal-first route preferences when offered two equivalent routes to a goal (Experiments 2 and 4).
For each dog, we determined the absolute bioavailability of BPA administered sublingually (both methods) at 5 mg/kg as the ratio of the normalized BPA AUClast for the sublingual route to the equivalent AUClast for the iv route.
The mean BPA sublingual bioavailability for the 0.05 mg/kg dose was 90 ± 26%, as computed by the mean ratio of the BPAG AUClast values obtained for the sublingual route to the equivalent BPAG AUClast for the iv route.
For the two BPA doses (0.05 and 5 mg/kg), we defined the extent of BPA sublingual absorption as the ratio of the BPAG AUClast values obtained for the sublingual route to the equivalent BPAG AUClast for the iv route.
