The environment fluctuation provokes a great decline in the population without really menacing it.
We see that a long stability period, π = 50, allows the population with 50% of asexuality to outcompete the other one by completing both the generation and amplification phases before the environment fluctuation.
In the marine environment, fluctuations in sea level, water temperatures and sea ice caused by glacial cycles are believed to have had a major influence on species distributions and the population connectivity of marine species [ 1- 3].
Because we want to study the influence of environment fluctuations on the populations with respect to their kind of reproduction, we found that μ = 0.2 gives understandable results.
Thus, our model can approximate the behaviour of a population with cyclical parthenogenesis by representing the length of the parthenogenetic phase with the percentage of asexual reproduction, and the diapause periods with environment fluctuations.
The noise perturbations in the model can arise both intracellularly, due to the intrinsically noisy property of the gene regulation process, and extracellularly, due to environment fluctuations.
The usual approach to incorporating noise into population dynamical models is to make some model parameter(s) (typically the growth rate, the carrying capacity, or both) stochastic and responsive to environment fluctuations.
Attending a concert, listening to a bedtime story, watching a movie … the brain is subjected to the influence of a host of uncontrolled factors such as the environment, mood fluctuations, and spontaneous social interactions.
Gene regulation is an intrinsically noisy process, which is subject to intracellular and extracellular noise perturbations and environment fluctuations [ 8- 14] 14].
This is not the situation in a standard simulation because when an environment fluctuation occurs the stabilization phase does not start necessarily with all unfit genotypes.
