Producer Brian Eno edited the jam down to the end length.
Conversely, the 3' end length variation was >60% and ranged from −5 to +5 nt.
Conversely, the 3' end length variation was >60% and ranged from minus 5 nt to plus 5 nt (Fig. 4B).
It is well known that the target mRNA is recognized by miRNA via its 5' seed sequence, and the 5' end length heterogeneity can greatly affect the ability of an miRNA to target corresponding mRNAs.
Our measurement of the contour length takes into account all the internal degrees of freedom of the polypeptide chain, whereas crystallography measures the end-to-end length within the "frozen" protein structure.
Motor events can be observed as a transient decrease in the end-to-end length of the DNA due to the formation of DNA loops.
As the sagging effect of a loose sling is ignored in the current study, the end-to-end length measurement gives only an approximation of the sling length.
First, we are able to precisely determine the end-to-end length of the transition state before unfolding (53 Å), which is longer than the end-to-end length of the protein obtained from NMR spectroscopy (43 Å).
Second, the measured contour length per amino acid from five different methods (4.0 ± 0.2 Å) is longer than the end-to-end length obtained from the crystal structure (3.6 Å).
Tortuosity was calculated as the contour length divided by the end-to-end length and was measured in a total of 200 bundles from fluorescence images and a total of 300 bundles from TEM micrographs.
