An offensive by a combined force of United States Special Forces and peshmerga had more or less erased the Ansar enclave around the village of Beyara, near Iran; the peshmerga claimed that they had killed about two hundred and fifty of the Ansar men, arrested others, and forced most of the remainder onto the snowy mountain peaks that separate Iraq from Iran.
Since September 18th IS has turned the tables, concentrating its forces for an all-out offensive to take the central enclave around the Syrian Kurdish-majority town of Ain al-Arab, known as Kobane in Kurdish, on the border with Turkey.
Isis fighters used tanks and artillery captured in Iraq to assault the Kurdish enclave around the city of Kobani, also called Ayn al-Arab, where between 400,000 and 500,000 members of Syria's Kurdish minority have taken refuge.
She notes that some buyers are heading for green hills around Fiesole, just outside the city, while there is growing demand for residential suburbs like Poggio Imperiale beyond the Boboli Gardens to the south of the city, and the green enclaves around the Piazzale Michelangelo, where the views stretch across Florence's tiled roofs.
10 p.m. 2. Backpacker Nightcap Take a stroll through Bangkok's foreign ghetto, the pulsing enclave around Khao San Road, Southeast Asia's largest backpacker district.
Mr Erdogan insists that the protocols can only be ratified if Armenia withdraws from seven regions it occupies around the enclave.
(Bosnian Muslims had killed several hundred Serb civilians around the enclave, a far smaller number than the seven thousand killed by Mladić's forces in 1995).
Armenians now constitute about three-fourths of the population of Nagorno-Karabakh; since 1988 there have been violent interethnic disputes and sporadic warfare between Armenians and Azerbaijanis in and around the enclave.
It has built up such a fearsome defensive wall to shut people out, powerfully symbolised by the two parallel fences running around the enclave of Ceuta, monitored by 30 closed-circuit cameras, floodlights and sensors, and ringed with razor wire, that only the most motivated, capable and resilient manage to get inside.There is nothing new about Europeans' hostility to immigrants.
A Russian-brokered ceasefire was signed in 1994, leaving Karabakh as well as swathes of Azeri territory around the enclave in Armenian hands.
