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The efficiency of fertilization was expressed as the ratio of females which were fertilized with males and transformed into ookinetes.
The efficiency of fertilization (EF: number of monospermic oocytes/total number of inseminated oocytes) and BF decreased (P<0.03) as the VM increased (EF: 45.9±2.2, 43.8±2.6 and 36.9±1.6% and BF: 29.4±2.7, 23.2±1.8 and 19.9±2.1% for VM 0.1, 1 and 2 ml, respectively).
It is therefore plausible that an artificial situation causes a decrease in the efficiency of fertilization.
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In Northeast China, the use of single basal fertilization has increased in trend due to labor cost increasing exponentially [33, 34]; however, splitting fertilizer technology could increase the efficiency of fertilizer.
This particular feature may function as a mechanism which facilitates the survival of sperm in the genital mucosa and ensures efficiency of fertilization.
Caffeine, pentoxifylline, and kallikrein are substances that affect the efficiency of sperms in the fertilization process; however, they have not been adequately studied.
Increasing the efficiency of the "in vitro fertilization" (IVF) procedure by improving pregnancy/implantation rates and at the same time lowering (or avoiding) the risks of multiple gestations are the primary goals of the current assisted reproductive technology [ 1].
We find that both sperm and oocytes from Sirt1−/− mice are capable of fertilization, although the efficiency of developing to the 2-cell stage is substantially compromised for both sperm and oocytes from Sirt1−/− mice as compared to gametes from Sirt1+/− mice (Table 1).
Within the framework of a long-term experiment started in 1986, a 3-year field study was carried out under rainfed Mediterranean conditions to determine the effect of tillage, crop rotation and N fertilization on the efficiency of nitrogen in wheat.
To determine the optimum dosage of the dnd-MO, gynogenetic one-cell stage embryos were injected with various dosages (250 pg, 500 pg, 1000 pg or 2000 pg) of dnd-MO or 2000 pg Con-MO as control, and embryos were collected at 24 h post fertilization, and the efficiency of dnd-MO was examined by whole mount in situ hybridization analysis of vasa-positive cells numbers in each embryo.
We asked whether the hypomorphic allele of gpp has an effect on the efficiency of sperm production or their capacity for fertilization and addressed this question in sterility tests.
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